Understanding Social Influence On Online Choice - 1024 Words

Purpose of the Study To Switch or Not to Switch: Understanding Social Influence in Online Choice is a study that was focused on the role of social influence in online recommender systems. Haiyi Zhu and Bernardo A. Huberman, the authors of the study, were interested in studying how often peoples’ choices are affected by other individuals’ endorsements. The hypothesis of the study is that individuals â€Å"are more likely to reverse their opinions when the reversion causes less self-inconsistency (the confirmation pressure is weaker) or the opposing social opinions are stronger (the conformity pressure is stronger)†. Methodology The researchers conducted various online experiments. The participants in the study went to the Rankr website to select their preference of one image out of two images displayed. They first did this with no knowledge of what people before them picked. The second time the participants had indications of what others had chosen. The researchers were trying to determine whether seeing other peoples’ preferences affected the participants’ choices. This setup allowed for social influence to be measured based on if people changed their selections between the two instances. The researchers wanted to see if the participants changed their mind after seeing what others preferred. In addition, the researchers wanted to manipulate the pressure of social opinions by changing the time between the two selection periods. The first time participants selected theirShow MoreRelatedThe Role Of Body Image And Social Media Essay1352 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media is often viewed as ‘friendlier’ than mass media and more ‘real.’ Posts on Instagram, Facebook, and Tumblr are made by ‘real’ people. While many women have learned to recognize the inaccurate portrayals of the female body in mass media, fewer have made this connection with social media. 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Towards Energy Proportional Computing for Enterprise

Question: Discuss about the Towards Energy Proportional Computing for Enterprise. Answer: Towards Energy-Proportional Computing For Enterprise-Class Server Workloads In huge data centers, there are thousands of nodes for computing purpose that also became a common place for enterprise computing processes. The growth of power consumptions of these data centers is occurring at an unprecedented rate. In addition to this, the servers are unable to provide execution, which is energy efficient under every level of utilization, thus do not exhibit an energy proportionality. This also reduces the overall energy level efficiency of these data centers. Hence, effective strategies are needed to improve energy efficiency and for controlling power consumption in data center servers. This report is based on investigating the possibility of achieving the energy proportionality, by using interface of Intel's RAPL (Running Average Power Limit), for server workload of enterprise-class. This report is about analyzing RAPL Interface's impact on per-transaction, performance, energy efficiency and power consumption, under the various level of loads for benchmarking. Intels RAPL Interface The power consumption by typical servers is 35 to 45 percentage of the peak power at idle state. Hence, it is challenging to achieve an energy proportionality for server workload of enterprise-class. In the interface provided by Intel's RAPL, DVFS, which refers to the dynamic scaling of voltage and frequency, is used for achieving improved energy efficiency, since it has the potential to give a cubic amount of energy savings. It is also the part that is responsible for energy proportionality in the system. The other subsystem is uncore which consumes a constant amount of power level, without depending upon system utilization. It has on-chip meters for energy measurement that deals with processor package, DRAM and core subsystem, also enables tracking down the power consumption at a system level basis and time resolution of 1 ms, which was earlier not possible. It also provides control over consumption of power through subsystems power limiting interfaces ("Intel Usage-to-Platform Re quirements Process", 2007). Contributions :Power Management via SPECpower Analysis For server workloads in enterprise-class, RAPL Interface provides a server-side processing application for Java transaction and it is based on the benchmark of SPECjbb2005. It mainly focuses on the CPU, memory hierarchy, caches and also performs implementation tests on JVM, JIT, threads and garbage collection. For benchmark process, it requires SUT and CCS, along with Ethernet that is used for communicating between systems (Stannack, 1996). Performance Characteristics of RAPL Interface Power Limiting - It limits the average power over the sliding window and does not limit instantaneous power. Its advantage is no performance degradation of workload if average performance is within power limits specified. Energy Metering- It reports the information about the actual usage of energy in the system. Performance Status- It reports the impact of performance due to the power limit. There is an MSR Interface that reports the overall time for each domain that functioned below P-state requested by the operating system. It will determine the power limiting effects on particular workloads (He, Jenkins, Wu, 2016). Power Information- It provides a range of values for control attributes that are associated with limiting of power. Each range of values specifies information for a particular domain of RAPL that corresponds to its power consumption limitation. It also includes information such as minimum power and maximum power requirement and maximum time of window ("The power of information", 2016). Power Profiles at Various SPECpower Load Levels SUT and CCS are interconnected via Ethernet gigabit network. The test beds consume an average power of 117 W at the idle condition and 314 W at the load level of 100% of SPECpower. At peak power, the system consumes 37.2%, at idle mode. Impact on Response Characteristics Usually, load levels of 50%, 60% and 70% under SPECpower limits are run by manual configuration. It does not allow to enable operation of energy proportionality at full system limit. But it's possible to achieve power savings moderately at a full system, without degradation of power. Also, with load level decrease, power saving is increased (Ryckbosch, Polfliet, Eeckhout, 2011). Limitation RAPL Interface doesnt evaluate power impact due to memory footprint increase in the benchmark of SPECpower. It doesn't explain the use of limiting memory power in operation of energy proportionality. A multi-dimensional formula for achieving best time window and power limit possible is still required. It doesnt create a system in runtime, using optimization framework and power models. Conclusion The energy and power management remains an issue with the data centers. But efficient management of power in workloads that belonged to the enterprise-class server has great potential to reduce costs that are energy oriented. To improve the energy efficiency of the data centers, there is a need for energy proportionality, which can be achieved by RAPL Interfaces for SPECpower benchmarks. Both the contributions and limitations of Intel's RAPL Interface has been included in this summary report for brief understanding. References He, Y., Jenkins, N., Wu, J. (2016). Smart Metering for Outage Management of Electric Power Distribution Networks.Energy Procedia,103, 159-164. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.11.266 Intel Usage-to-Platform Requirements Process. (2007).Intel Technology Journal,11(01). https://dx.doi.org/10.1535/itj.1101.03 Ryckbosch, F., Polfliet, S., Eeckhout, L. (2011). Trends in Server Energy Proportionality.Computer,44(9), 69-72. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mc.2011.130 Stannack, P. (1996). Purchasing power and supply chain management powertwo different paradigms?a response to Ramsay's Purchasing power (1995).European Journal Of Purchasing Supply Management,2(1), 47-56. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0969-7012(95)00021-6 The power of information. (2016).IEEE Transactions On Power Delivery,31(4), 1780-1780. https://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tpwrd.2016.2593671

National Recovery Administration free essay sample

We have nothing to fear but fear itself. † This statement is from C. 🙂 Franklin D. Roosevelt’s first inaugural address. 14. All of the following statements about the Civilian Conservation Corps are true except C. 🙂 it eventually came to employ over one-third of the American work force. 15. In personally taking over the task of setting the dollar amount the government would pay for gold, Franklin Roosevelt’s announced purpose was to D. 🙂 manipulate the price of gold so as to raise prices. 16. He strove to strengthen the child’s respect for parental and other traditional authority. 17. What was the overall U. S. unemployment rate during the worst periods of the Depression? B. 🙂 25% 18. The thrust of Roosevelt’s â€Å"Good Neighbor† policy was to A. ? retreat from the military interventionism and blatant economic domination which had characterized previous American policy toward Latin America 19. All of the following â€Å"New Deal† agencies were created during the Great Depression to provide jobs for the unemployed EXCEPT A. We will write a custom essay sample on National Recovery Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 🙂 Farm Security Administration (FSA) 20. Which of the following best describes the administrations of Warren Harding and Calvin Coolidge? C. 🙂 â€Å"The business of government is business! † 21. The â€Å"Lost Generation† refers to C. 🙂 young writers disillusioned by the materialism, decadence, and conformity domination 1920s America 22. All of the following contributed to the Great Depression EXCEPT D. 🙂 lack of credit to help consumers sustain economic growth 23. The Smoot-Hawley Tariffs and other protectionist trade measures had the long-term effect of D. 🙂 sparking retaliatory measures from Europe which weakened both their economies and ours24. The recession of 1937 was primarily caused by E.   premature tightening of credit and cutbacks in spending for New Deal programs 25. The Scopes Trial had the effect of B. 🙂 highlighting the intolerance of religious fundamentalism and its conflict with contemporary science and secularism 26. The philosophy behind the New Deal was primarily to E. ? expand the role of federal government in providing jobs, relief for the unemployed, better wages, and regulation of industry to control the abuses of the past which had led to the current depression 27. Fearing the U. S. Supreme Court would find much of his second term New Deal legislation unconstitutional, as it had done for much of the New Deal legislation passed during his first term, Franklin Roosevelt responded by D. 🙂 threatening to increase the number of justices 28. President Warren G. Harding’s administration could best be compared to that of C. 🙂 Ulysses Grant 29. Droughts, high tariffs, bankruptcies, and low prices during the late 1920s had the greatest impact on B. 🙂 the United States Stock Market 30. The scandal in 1919 that affected the integrity of major league baseball was. The Black Sox Scandal† 31. Marcus Garvey, leader of the Universal Negro Improvement Association, argued for B. 🙂 a return to Africa . 32. â€Å"The business of our nation is business† were the words of A. ? Calvin Coolidge 33. When the United States Supreme Court failed to rule favorably on New Deal legislation, President Franklin A. 🙂 introduced a judiciary reorganization bill that would increase the number of Supreme Court justices 34. The first woman to serve in a Cabinet-level position was A. 🙂 Frances Perkins 35. The case of Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti in the 1920s best illustrated E. The extent of the â€Å"Red Scare† 36. W. C. Handy, Joe â€Å"King† Oliver, and â€Å"Jelly Roll† Morton were known for their accomplishments in A. 🙂 jazz 37. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation and the Home Loan Bank Act of 1932 were enacted during what United States president’s administration to help ease the effects of the Great Depression? A. 🙂 Herbert Hoover 38. The â€Å"court-packing† scheme proposed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 5, 1937 I. was triggered by Supreme Court decisions that undid much of the first New Deal II. was withdrawn when a majority of the Supreme Court justices retired III. Became unnecessary when the Supreme Court began reversing previous decisions and upholding New Deal legislation IV. was replaced by a Judiciary bill that denied the president the power to enlarge the federal courts but conceded badly needed procedural reforms C. 🙂 I, III, and IV only 39. â€Å"There is no right to strike against the public safety, anywhere, any time,† was said by C. 🙂 Calvin Coolidge on calling out the Massachusetts National Guard during the Boston police strike 40. The Republican administrations of the 1920s would best be described as B. Supporting isolationism and laissez-faire business policies domestically 41. The Palmer Raids of the 1920s were a response to C. ? fears of communism follwoing after the Russian Revolution 42. The use of installment plans during the 1920s was significant to the economy because it D. 🙂 served as a catalyst for a new consumer-based economy 43. The Supreme Court decision of Schenck v. United States established the precedent for the idea that B. 🙂 speech that presents a â€Å"clear and present danger† is not protected 44. Which of the following events illustrates the nativist sentiments of the 1920s? The reemergence of the Ku Klux Klan and the passage of the National Origins Act 45. What was the 1920s Harlem Renaissance? E. 🙂 A period of artistic achievement in multiple fields by African-Americans 46. The trial of Sacco and Vanzetti illustrated America’s fear of D. 🙂 immigrants who possessed radical or leftist beliefs 47. The impact of the Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-Smoot Tariffs could be best described as B. 🙂 crippling Europe’s ability to pay off its war debts and damaging America industry 48. Why was the Kellogg-Briand Pact significant? A. The nations involved agreed not to use threat of war against each other. 49. A primary reason for Henry Ford’s success in the automobile industry was that he C. 🙂 adopted a strategy of horizontal integration 50. The purpose of the Nineteenth Amendment was to D. 🙂 grant suffrage to women 51. The Scopes Trial illustrated the nation’s debate over A. ? religious conservatism versus modern scientific theories 52. Warren G. Harding’s administration is most associated with which scandal? Teapot Dome Scandal 53. The group of American authors disillusioned by society follwoing the First World War are referred to as C. The Lost Generation 54. The election of Herbert Hoover over Al Smith illustrated C. 🙂 nativist opinions concerning religion 55. At the start of the Great Depression, Black Tuesday occurred when D. ? investors raced to sell their stock holdings 56. The Dust Bowl of the Great Depression occurred because C. 🙂 intense agriculture had depleted the topsoil 57. African-Americans during the Depression often experienced B. 🙂 increased discrimination in employment and in relief programs 58. When faced with the stock market crash and the start of the Depression, Hoover supported D. Encouraging voluntary reforms within private business 59. The main goal of the Bonus Army at the start of the Depression was to A. 🙂 allow veterans to receive their promised army pensions early 60. The main purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation was to B. 🙂 provide government credit to secure failing banks 61. How did Presidents Hoover and Roosevelt differ in thier attempts to respond to the Great Depression? B. 🙂 While Roosevelt felt that aid should be supplied directly to the people, Hoover felt that the government should only try to stabilize the corporations and banks. What is the practice of buying on margin? B. 🙂 Using bank loans to purchase stocks 63. Which of the following New Deal agencies was created to assist businesses most directly? C. 🙂 National Recovery Administration 64. What was Franklin Roosevelt’s â€Å"Brain Trust†? B. 🙂 A collection of intellectuals who served as unofficial advisers 65. How did the Second New Deal differ from the First New Deal during the Depression? A. ? It contained a greater number of social welfare benefits. 66. Huey Long and Upton Sinclair criticized the New Deal on the grounds that E.

Free Essays on Hispanics In The Work Force

The author gives you a good look into reality on Hispanics in the workforce here in America. Hispanics are the one of the largest minority groups in the U.S. today. Hispanics accounted for more than half the country's population growth. They are of either immigrated to or were born here in the U.S. They value education, family unity, religious faith and a good work ethic. Early Hispanics motives for up rooting their families and themselves to come to the United States was to escape overbearing governments and for religious freedom. Now they come in search of work, taking the risk of crossing the boarders and then the desert. Some make it and some die, but they all want the same thing ‘the American dream’. They are becoming the new labor force that is replacing a workforce that is aging out. They are taking the jobs that the older population won’t do anymore or can’t do. They are mostly taking the bare minimum wage positions that require a lot of hard work. The jobs that they hold consist of what the average white person will not do for the pay that is offered leaving it open for the Hispanics. Hispanic people are considered cheap and good labor and a lot of companies would prefer to hire a Hispanic person over a white for less money. Despite the fact that there are so many Hispanics in the workforce, companies are slow to update communication and management styles to include the Hispanic employees and not to just cater to the practices to suit non-Hispanic, White and other employees. Hispanics are very diverse people covering about twenty different countries. With this you can realize why some are educated and some are not and while others can speak English and some can’t or don’t. Some countries are more underdeveloped than others, which explain why some Hispanics from those countries cannot speak English much less read or write their own language. Companies seam to over look this, but if they want to keep up with them... Free Essays on Hispanics In The Work Force Free Essays on Hispanics In The Work Force The author gives you a good look into reality on Hispanics in the workforce here in America. Hispanics are the one of the largest minority groups in the U.S. today. Hispanics accounted for more than half the country's population growth. They are of either immigrated to or were born here in the U.S. They value education, family unity, religious faith and a good work ethic. Early Hispanics motives for up rooting their families and themselves to come to the United States was to escape overbearing governments and for religious freedom. Now they come in search of work, taking the risk of crossing the boarders and then the desert. Some make it and some die, but they all want the same thing ‘the American dream’. They are becoming the new labor force that is replacing a workforce that is aging out. They are taking the jobs that the older population won’t do anymore or can’t do. They are mostly taking the bare minimum wage positions that require a lot of hard work. The jobs that they hold consist of what the average white person will not do for the pay that is offered leaving it open for the Hispanics. Hispanic people are considered cheap and good labor and a lot of companies would prefer to hire a Hispanic person over a white for less money. Despite the fact that there are so many Hispanics in the workforce, companies are slow to update communication and management styles to include the Hispanic employees and not to just cater to the practices to suit non-Hispanic, White and other employees. Hispanics are very diverse people covering about twenty different countries. With this you can realize why some are educated and some are not and while others can speak English and some can’t or don’t. Some countries are more underdeveloped than others, which explain why some Hispanics from those countries cannot speak English much less read or write their own language. Companies seam to over look this, but if they want to keep up with them...

Argumentive Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Argumentive Eassy - Essay Example Social networking sites, such as Facebook and Myspace, have become the most modern and the most common methods of communication between people, especially for teenagers. While teenagers appreciate the ease in which they are able to communicate with friends and family members, there are many concerns in regard to this newer form of communication. Social networking sites are harming the social skills of teenagers, keeping them from other aspects of their lives, and have proven to be dangerous to their lives and well-beings. With all of these aspects combined, many parents have come to believe that social networking websites are harmful to teenagers. While many people, teenagers especially, believe that Facebook and Myspace are considered to be social networking sites, there are still others, consisting of mainly parents, that feel that social networking is an oxymoron. Through these social websites, teenagers are able to keep in touch with friends, family members, and teachers, as well as being able to meet new people through the many communities via these networking sites. However, the more that teenagers depend on these websites to communicate with others, the less time they seem to spend with friends and family outside of their web-driven social lives. The days of talking on the phone or going to a friend’s house have long since gone with the introduction of these simple communicative tools, making having a social life more convenient to teenagers of this generation. A social life nowadays usually consists of friends meeting each other in various chat rooms or forums on social networking websites to talk. The biggest fear here is that teenagers growing up in this digital generation and putting too much dependency on these websites will begin to lose real social skills, as their methods are now centering more around a computer instead of face-to-face communication, or even a conversation taking place

Shoes leather business industry in South Korea Term Paper

Shoes leather business industry in South Korea - Term Paper Example Subsequently, it has also been learnt that government laws regarding the operations of the leather industry are also quite strict wherein rigid laws are imposed to control the production of leather products in an integrated and ethical manner. These aspects have certainly affected the overall industry operations of the leather producing sector to a large extent (PETA, 2013; UNIDO, n.d.). Focusing on this particular issue, this paper intends to analyze in detail the overall challenges faced by the tanning or leather industry of South Korea. The paper further emphasizes upon the issues that are being related with the leather industry of the world with special regard to South Korea taking the example of HAESUNG AIDA Co. Ltd. A Brief Overview of the Company HAESUNG AIDA Co. Ltd. is one of the largest and the most well known companies of South Korea. The company mainly focuses on manufacturing quality leather products. It has been observed that the company is considered as a world class t annery manufacturer, the quality of which is considered excellent by the branded companies playing in the global market. It is known that the company has acquired the reputation of a leading leather company of Korea. Undoubtedly, this acknowledgement has been gained through immense hard work and honesty in manufacturing its products for the people all over the world. It always intends to produce products that would be able to satisfy the current needs of the customers to the utmost level. It has been observed that through continuous development of technology and innovative production techniques, the company has managed to establish large size production units which are further operated through organized processes in Korea. This enables it to carry out bulk production and obtain a... The leather industry is one of the most rapidly developing industries of the world. It has been observed that the industry plays a major role in economic performance of the countries. It has been observed that effective performance of companies in this industry will be related with the several aspects or rather obstructions such as environmental factors related with the operations of the company, government regulations for this kind of industries and some other vital barriers. It can be further observed that the company has taken various steps in order to alleviate all the associated concerns of the leather industry. In this regard, the company provided training to its employees, arranged programs for customers and suppliers for environmental awareness and incorporated a lot of advanced technologies in the working process in order to enhance its environmental performance. The company also comes up with new strategies in order to operate efficiently in spite of the economic downturn. However, despite these steps the company has experienced certain financial breakdowns owing to the various problems associated with the leather industry. The financial position or performance of the company is effected by the cost it spends in enhancing its environmental performance, expenditure and losses of the company owing to the stern governmental regulations and the maintenance of its employees regardless of its negative performance due to recession.

Richter case - Infrastructure Essay Example for Free

Richter case Infrastructure Essay Looking at the current (2007) IT governance of Richter, Szà ¼cs is the IT director and is working together with around 50 people in the head department in Hungary. Those 50 people are focusing on four different areas: â€Å"IT operations (12), procurement and service (15), SAP support (12), IT strategy and projects (4)† (Mitchell et al., 2007). Altogether they develop a strategic plan which is expected to support the business processes at Richter. However, a plan is not very flexible since it first has to be approved by the CFO of Richter and then still has to be agreed on by the senior management. This process though takes place only once a year, namely each year in June. But there is not only the headquarter of Richter in Hungary but different affiliates all over the world (e.g. Poland, India, Russia, Romania). Those affiliates have their own IT departments and IT directors. Major important infrastructure/IT decisions and decisions regarding the SAP modules have to be coordinated and discussed with Szà ¼cs and the head office in Hungary. If the affiliates develop a plan they have to present them like Szà ¼cs but to their respective CEOs. This structure shows the level of importance of IT to Richter and has some strengths as well as weaknesses. As mentioned above IT has more of a supporting role for Richter’s business processes and there are IT directors who develop plans with a team of different specialists but cannot implement them by themselves. Looking at Broadbent and Weill (1997), Richter has a dependent infrastructure view. Their IT as a percent of expenses are around the average relative to its competitors and they also want to achieve cost savings but still be relatively flexible. This has the advantage of staying competitive without that much risk. Due to top management requiring to approve the plans developed by the IT director they can evaluate the cost and risk exactly. However, since top management might not have the best IT knowledge it could happen that they do not approve a plan because they think it is too expensive and risky. But if they would have enough IT understanding they might see the value this plan will add to the company. Also, the meetings are just once a year which let them lose some flexibility. Another infrastructure view is the enabling view. Having this view, Richter would have much higher IT expenses and their IT infrastructure would always  be on the edge. This view has its strengths and weaknesses as well: They would be a lot more flexible and management of IT would probably be different. The IT directors would not have to get approval by the CFO and top management but rather work together with them looking for opportunities to be innovative and get a competitive advantage for some time. This view has its downsides, though: Investing much money and being the first to invest in something new is always connected with a lot of risk. Also, if the affiliates would be allowed to decide everything on their own failures might be discovered too late and increase the loss. Yet, another view is the utility view with which the firm has low IT expenses and focuses on cost savings. IT is clearly used as a supporting tool. The IT director (if there even is one) gets told what is needed and just tries to find the most cost-saving solution. The firm has low risk since it does not invest much money but is not very innovative and maybe loses some profits because it probably imitates competitors later on.