Line Manager Play Crucial Role in the Link Between HRM and Organisational Performance

According to CIDP definition, line managers are a manager who are responsible for an employee or work to a higher level of management. Generally, their management responsibilities would include people management, monitoring work process and etc (CIPD, 2010). Clearly, it generally be said that line managers are closest to employees and customers and occupy a key role in the general management job of managing people. Guest and Conway’s study (2004) showed that supervisory leadership was the strongest factor associated to organisation commitment. In other words the relationship between employees and FLMs is important in influencing the employee’s perspectives of the support received. Purcell et al (2007) suggest that the employee’s judgement of their FLM leadership behaviour was directed related, where positive, to higher levels of commitment and to better aspects of job experience. Indeed, Winkler said (ND) that if an employee feels supported by their line manager, they will feel engaged with and committed to their organisation. Consequently, this will improve attendance, reduce staff turnover and ensure that employees are willing to ‘go that extra mil’. Furthermore, in the UK WERS (1998) notes that in the handling of employee relations issues, line managers outnumber employee relations specialists at British workplace. MacNeil (2003) reveals that line managers may play a role in capturing employee’s tacit knowledge, which may be able to be transferred in to specific organisational competencies. For example, Lazenby’s research found that line manager behaviour has a significant impact on employee commitment, which has an impact on customer commitment, which has an impact on business performance (cited Purcell, 2003). In addition, some workers mention line incapability in HR as a significant and specific fact contributing to explaining why they left their old jobs (Taylor, 2002). From these perspectives, it is clear to say that line manager play a vital role in HR practices. However, in practice, there is a question arises as to which tasks they see as their priority and what effects the choices they make have in terms of HRM in general, and an employee well-being in particular. For example, they also get pressure on the productivity. Most importantly, they are normally in the lower layer of the management hierarchy and front managers are unlikely to have formal management education (CIDP, 2010). In other words, they seem to lack the capability to implement HR practices well. As they are given the responsibility for performance review, Latham et al (2007) claim that line manager’s training is seen as more important than choice of rating system. It is clear to say that line manager generally lack the knowledge of assessment method for employees, which may have strong impact on fair performance review. However, although there are some questions about the role of line mangers in the HRM, some studies are quite positive on such questions, and note the role of line in making HR strategies ‘come to life’ (Hutchinson and Purcell 2003, Purcell et al, 2003). Furthermore, in terms of HR line managers play as an important role on the implication of not only performance appraisal but also the process of learning and development. Purcell and Hutchinson (2007) believe that line manager’s leader behaviour is critical because their involvement in L&D leads to a wide range of benefits. For example, line manager in the best place to evaluate outcome of learning, both to the individual and the organisation (Wolff, 2007). Moreover, Line manager also be the part of induction training to support newcomer’s settlement. Liden et al (2004) argue that line managers also play a very important for role in socialising employees, not simply by ensuring that they understand the content of the job, but also in bringing them into organisation’s culture and social network in the organisation.

Business valuation Essay

†¢One of your friends uses the terms ethics and morality interchangeably. You do not think this is correct. How would you explain the difference between ethics and morality? Provide an example of morality and one of ethics in your explanation. Ethics are more about a set of rules for a specific class of people, or a situation. They are more of a set of rules. While morals are more about an individuals’ set of rules for them, what they hold to be right or wrong that they follow to make decisions or take actions. A good example would be a lawyer who is defending a person who has committed a robbery. The lawyer’s morals tells him that the person is guilty, but his ethics tells him that he must defend the person. †¢Select two major ethical theories covered in your readings for Week One. What are the major differences between these two theories? Which one of these theories best aligns with your personal beliefs? Explain. I choose utilitarian theory and deontological theory. Utilitarian theory is to maximize utility as well as maximize happiness while deontological theory refers to following rules or regulations. Utilitarian can be a scenario where it benefits the individual or group say be given a weekend off even though there is still much work to be done, while within the same scenario the employees could almost be forced to work the weekends, even though they are tired and would like to spend time with their families. I prefer utilitarian as maximizing my happiness is important to me. I have worked with companies predominantly the Navy, whose type of theory is deontological. Duty within the Navy is huge, rules create the structure. Knowing that the happiness of myself and my family are a huge part of my determination when making the decision to take a job. †¢What are examples of virtues, values, and moral concepts? How do each of these relate to one another? In what ways are they separate and in what ways are they connected? Virtues are a person’s thoughts and/or actions that are guided by are morals, are morals are what we hold to be true ranging from honesty to being faithful, while are values are simply what he hold to be valuable. They all go together like cogs, working together to reach the same goal, but if one is not there then the whole thing will not work. They are separate because they’re all slightly different, say like parts of a car engine, and yet they are all required in order for the engine to work. If one is not present the engine will not work. †¢In Ch. 6 of Basic Ethics, the author discusses the relationship of religion as it relates to morality and ethics. Using your own personal experiences as a resource, what, if any, relationship exists between religion, morality, and ethics? Explain your answer. †¢Select a public figure from politics or business. Select an ethical theory that seems to best fit this person. Why does this theory seem best? Which theory seems to least suit this person? Why? Hilary Clinton, she would highly appear to follow a deontilogical ethical theory. It seems to suit her and her political career nicely, it just does not seem to be in the best interest of the citizens. Following utilitarianism she would be putting the happiness of the voters and citizens either above her own or at the very least equally. †¢If a person is described as virtuous, is this the same as saying that person is moral or ethical? Why or why not? How would you explain the relationship between these three concepts? Provide examples. If one has to be called ethical or moral I would not say that it means that they are virtuous, but I would say that if someone has to be called virtuous that they would be both ethical and moral. Being virtuous means having or showing high moral standards, so to be virtuous means one would have to have high ethics and high morals. The three work together, morals is doing what is right, ethics is moral principles that govern a person’s or group’s behavior, and being virtuous is a combination of these two as well as going above and always being moral.

Clinical journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Clinical journal - Essay Example Weekly skin assessment was done during shower. One of the medical doctors came to assess the new residents. Previous nurse told the doctor that the patient on Cipro did not know that it was Bactrim DS for UTI. Order was clarified by MD, but it said that it was ok if it is Cipro has to be given to empty stomach 1 hour before meals. The wound doctor came to check the wound once per week. The patient with the wound needed to be assesed was put back to bed. One patient was admitted 2 days ago with wound on the right lateral ankle. The nurse documented unstageable wound. However, during the interview, the guest informed the wound doctor, he sustained the wound because he was hit by the Hoyer lift during transfer from the previous facility. The wound doctor stated that it is not unstageable but a trauma wound. There was a confusion with the location of the wound as well. Some nurses documented left ankle, while order was stated right. Therefore, the wound doctor asked me what I would do in that situation. I told him that I would assess the patient myself to clarify the confusion and make a note on the TAR and pass on the oncoming nurse. There is no 24 hours report shift for you to read. Therefore, you have to listen carefully to the report in order not to miss anything. In-service was given to diabetic mellitus that afternoon as well. A man from Lilly, the company that makes insulin, came to conduct the in-service. The topic that was discussed is rapid acting insulin such novolog, Humalog was discussed, long acting, for example, levemir and Lantus and peak time. The staff were able to differential between the type 1 DM of the pancreas which does not procedure insulin at all, while with type 2 the body produces insulin but the body cannot properly used it efficiently. Many years ago the body did not produce insulin for instance with type 1 diabetes you die because there were no such thing as insulin to give. And now hemoglobin HA1c is done to

Business Proposal for a Restaurant Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business for a Restaurant - Research Proposal Example One of the goals that the business seeks to achieve its expansion in the next two to four years. Additional services like accommodation will be available to the customers. When a new restaurant enters the market, it is expected to make enough profit that can finance the anticipated expansion. The restaurant will, therefore, implement efficient business management strategies. Tactical business spending will be the order of the day in this proposed business venture. A sole proprietor will own the business. The entrepreneur has chosen this ownership because of its simplicity. There is no sharing of all the profits from the business. The profits could then be used to expand the business rapidly. It is also easy to change the legal structure of the business. If the business expands, it can run as a limited liability company. The business will be located in the surroundings of Detroit City because it has a large client base. Some of the potential customers who already exist in the city inc lude youths working in different businesses, college students, and middle-aged people. Majority of these potential customers do not have enough time to cook for themselves during the day. These potential customers are willing to spend money on snacks, fast food, ethnic food, and comfort food. There is a challenge of price sensitivity among the potential customers. When food prices go up, they tend to prefer cooking for themselves rather than buying from restaurants. The typical customers targeted are people aged 20 to 49 years.

Young Winston Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Young Winston - Essay Example Young Winston starts with Churchill’s schooldays. Those days are not ideal for the boy and he is not happy. The film unfolds a number of events and eventually the death of his father. Here ends the first part of the film. In the second part Churchill is a cavalry office in India and Sudan. During his service period he participates in the cavalry charge at Omdurman. The film goes on to show us his experiences as a war correspondent in the Second Boer War. In this war Churchill was taken prisoner but he managed to escape. Later on he is elected to the Parliament at an early age of 26. The film jumps from one period to another; it seems that the director was trying to avoid monotony and make his film different from the usual lumbering films. He has used flashbacks and narrations throughout the film to make it interesting. However, at times these get confusing. In the beginning of the film Winston has been shown to be a hopeless depressive. His childhood was not happy, and althoug h he lived in a palace and belonged to a well off family, his parents did not give him the time that a young child requires. Winston’s father was an excellent man in the intellectual sense. But he was complex as well and he could not become a good father or husband. He called Winston his â€Å"biggest disappointment†. ... But this was no surprise – the kind of childhood that he had gotten was expected to have some sort of effect upon the poor boy, and this is what happened. Later on Winston’s father dies after which it seemed that Winston decided to get himself together and stand up for himself. He becomes a soldier following which he starts writing and then gets interested in politics. He created himself and then maintained too. The movie is a great watch. It is an absolutely correct depiction of Winston Churchill’s life. William Manchester’s views regarding the film say that he finds it â€Å"sterile and devoid of conflict†. In the film’s defence it can be said that it was only portraying the real life of Winston, and could not have added anything that did not fit the description. The film makers could not have changed the facts just for some suspense and excitement. That is not to say that the film is not exciting. Several parts of the film do get exciting, not to mention dignified. However, Manchester is right in his view that it â€Å"But [...] one had hoped for more†. The movie could have been even better. When starting a film about the life of a great leader who has done a lot for your country, one automatically expects it to be grand and full of excitement. This film, however, did not exactly give us the human being who is after the facade. Although the film portrayed Winston’s life accurately, it was very much clear that the person we are watching is far from Churchill himself. The film created his image but did not allow us to glance at the personality properly. Young Winston was not able to capture the attention of the audience completely. There are times in the movie when it makes you wonder

British Petroleum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

British Petroleum - Essay Example The business model of BP aims to generate value for the hydrocarbon value chain. The process usually starts through exploration and ends with energy supply (BP, 2012). In 2011, the growth in global oil consumption slowed although robust growth continued in China and other non OECD countries. Despite the slowdown average prices of crude oil were however higher as compared to previous years (BP-a, 2012). BP facts and figure indicates a stable growth where its sales and operating revenue stood at 83,400. The core brands of BP are Castrol, Arco, ampm, Aral and Wild bean cafe (BP, 2012). The paper deals with the above mentioned organization, British Petroleum and discusses the organization in much more detail in order to analyze the company structure its work process, the strategy the organization is currently following and future plan along with its competitive advantage which keeps the company ahead of its competitors. Structure of the organization BP organizes the business in a way so that energy products are and services which are required by the people around the globe are served at an appropriate time and as per the needs. The business model of BP aims to create value in the value chain process and as stated above it starts with exploration and ends with supply of energy. The organization of BP consists of marketing and refining, upstream, people of BP and their values and alternative energy. The upstream usually finds, develops then produces and transports natural gas and oil to the market. BP operates in around 26 countries and it employs approximately 84,000 employees. The major markets are Russia, USA, North Africa, UK, Asia, Canada, Middle East and others. The marketing and refining teams are responsible for trading, supplying, transporting, refining, and also for marketing the products. BP has 17 refineries and it markets them in 100 countries the role of R&M plays an important part. BP constitute of approximately 83,400 people, contractors and suppliers in the organizational chart. BP value lies in safety of the people, respect for the world, excellence through disciplined management and systematic operations, courage to face difficulties and the team, where the employees trust each other (BP-b, 2012). The following is the organizational structure of BP headed by Robert Dudley Figure 1: Organizational structure of BP (Source: The Official Board, 2012) Entrepreneurship BP has also encouraged entrepreneurship among women through its commitment towards upliftment and gender equality. BP Southern Africa entered into partnership with the â€Å"Women Development Trust† to provide the women with a stable platform to secure success in the business sector. BP was encouraged by the determination and passion of the women towards their approach for their business and was highly pleased to get associated with WDT who has also contributed towards the transformation process and success among the women entrepreneurs. At the government leve l, BP has taken various steps in order to advance the position of women in the society and thus encourage the women to take part in business and create business environment. In addition to the above discussion, BP had also developed corporate entrepreneurship model after the most troubled period in 1980s and has managed to develop the brand as a global energy company and has added renewable energies in its portfolio. In an attempt to re invent as a supplier for all forms of energy BP has thus adopted a corporate entrepr

Wk11(31)disc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wk11(31)disc - Essay Example However, in saying that she went to Baylor Medical Center Emergency room, someone could check the date and probably find out who she was if they were looking. This is one area where the clients confidentially is compromised. Also, stating the entire information about the trial, the fact that it was "lengthy" and the fact that the stepfather denied having done anything wrong would possibly be traceable to a well publicized court case. It is not necessary in this writers opinion to give all the details of the rape. Although it is important to note that she comes to the counseling session because of "anxiety, hypervigilence, nightmares, flashbacks of the rape, and ruminative guilt" are what should be emphasized in the report instead of the exact details of the rape. Also, the report is not written in a professional manner but has the tone of someone wanting to make sure all the "juicy details" are present in the report. According to Nail (1990) an intake interview should have enough relevant information to lead the counselor towards a conclusion about the type of therapeutic interventions that are needed. In order to do this, it is important to organize the data into a logical structure and to develop it chronologically (Nail, 1990). In this sense, the information about the rape should have been categorized differently and it should have been more professionally written. I would feel very uncomfortable showing this report to the client. I would think that they would be upset about all the details in it and this could escalate her anxiety. I think that the report reads like a soap opera rather than a formal intake review. Harvey (1997) states that reports can be readable and without much jargon so that anyone can understand them (p. 273) but this therapist was reporting more than was comfortable for this writer. I also think that the therapist may have been appalled at what

DEBATE on Are Uniforms a Good Way to Improve Student Discipline and Essay

DEBATE on Are Uniforms a Good Way to Improve Student Discipline and Motivation - Essay Example In the US for example, it is observable that majority of schools prefer prescribing dressing codes as opposed to school uniforms, due to the lack of a strict national legislation to make wearing of school uniforms mandatory. In this context, 2006 statistics indicated that only 14% of public schools in the country had their students wearing uniforms, while 55% had dressing codes (Hamilton, 2008). A dressing code is different from uniforms in that students are allowed to wear clothing items of their choice as long as they conform with stipulated restrictions and guidelines, which, for example, may include and not limited to; length of a dress, colors, skin exposure etc. This paper is a critical evaluation on whether school uniforms should be made compulsory as a way of promoting discipline and student motivation. School Uniforms Wearing of School uniforms is a good way of promoting discipline among students as well as motivating them to concentrate on their studies. It is true to say t hat the contemporary world is full of diversity ranging from different types of cultures to social and economic disparities. This is no different in institutions of learning, where it is found that different students come from families which are different in terms of wealth. In this context, failure to impose uniforms on students would be a way of extending the disparities to schools, as each and every student would be motivated to outdo each other in terms of fashion, whereby it would be easy to tell which student comes from a poor family and which one comes from a wealthy one. This is one way of promoting inequality, which is a potential cause for student distraction as those wearing cheap clothing would be possessed by envy towards their rich counterparts (Cruz, 2001). This means that students wearing cheap clothing would have higher chances of not concentrating on what the teacher is saying, as they would be distracted constantly by the habit of evaluating each other’s ou tfit. In a mixed class for example, it would be easy to find ladies wearing provocative clothing in the effort to look sexy, which may be a major distraction to their male counterparts, who have a natural instinct of reacting positively to nudity. School uniforms are important in promoting teamwork (Cruz, 2001). It is said that birds of the same feather flock together. In this context, it means that there is a possibility of exclusion, whereby rich students may tend to form their own study groups whereas poor ones would have to form their own despite the fact that knowledge knows no boundaries. This means that coming from a wealthy family does not guarantee academic excellence, whereas coming from a poor family does not imply poverty of ideas. Uniformity in this context would be of great assistance as it would encourage students to bond and assist each other based on the fact that each and every person has his or her own capacity to understand and interpret issues, but as it is beli eved, two heads are better than one. For example, one may find that a poor student is well established and knowledgeable in a subject such as Mathematics while another from a rich family is good in Physics, but poor in Math and vice versa. If a uniform can play a major role in bringing together these two individuals to assist each other, then, the government and the society at large have a moral obligation to support

Why it is Important for those in the Criminal Justice field to have Research Paper

Why it is Important for those in the Criminal Justice field to have good character - Research Paper Example Various people who assist or serve in distinguished capacities of the criminal justice system include the judges, legislators, prosecutors, prison supervisors, police officers and advocates among others. They are all faced by challenging situations that put to test, their moral conduct, but have to take responsibility and execute their functions ethically. In a way, they hold a special position, which they can exploit to influence citizens, offenders, co-workers, and least themselves into having a sense of what is right and wrong. The public servants The criminal justice system is a central institution which any public member expresses some form of trust in. Citizens call the police for help and have their cases taken t to court because they have the confidence that those in these positions will serve them with loyalty, courage and honesty. According to Pollock, being a public servant in criminal justice field entails performing special duties involving the public trust; and as such they take oaths to be guardians of public interest (6). Their positions are those of leaders with a great impact on the public. The public looks at them with much expectation, to commit themselves to the assigned roles (whether to govern or guard the people) and do the right thing without taking advantage of them. It is a challenging job that requires refraining from unethical compromises in the field. However, despite the being paid from the public funds, some servants do not live to fulfill their promise and have been involved in corrupt acts and intimidation cases while on duty. These are people who have been entrusted with the public interests, but use their positions to enrich and serve themselves, which is an abuse of office. It would be unfair if the public is left to be led or served by servants who harass, deceive, and are unreliable or disloyal to them. As a public member, one would expect the police to arrest criminals and the judges to be available and decide with fairne ss, but not to free a criminal just because he is willing to part with a bundle of cash. Public servants ought to have exemplary standards, be reliable and available when needed, talk and exercise honesty with respect and without compromise. For the purpose of discretional powers The manner in which each one of them can make a decision in duty is fundamental. Those who work in the field have to make official decisions using their reasonable judgment and at least guided by the law in discharging of public duties. The decisions they make are arguably different, but in general, they involve power over others, whom they guard or govern. Good characters would lead them to make right decisions from the acceptable alternatives, instead of abusing the allotted discretional powers. In Article III and section 2of the US constitution, the judiciary is granted broad discretional powers that the jury can use while handling cases. Each is faced with choices; judges can approve or disapprove a cas e, police can arrest or release a suspect, legislators can point to legal or illegal behaviors punishable by law, and the correctional officers can either fail or offer counsel to the inmates, depending on how they use their discretional powers. However, the choices they make have to be within their powers, and free from third party influence, which calls for their good character. The decisions made have to be out of good faith, for proper and logical reasons after considering various issues or evidences (Ombudsman Western Australia â€Å"Guidelines: Exercise of discretion†). The public lies at the risk of being intimidated or even denied freedom by professionals who abuse their discretional powers in the field; to deny people their rights in the areas professionals’

Professional and Academic Skills Development Assignment

Professional and Academic Skills Development - Assignment Example Regarding higher education, personal development planning usually comprises involves the creation of a portfolio that contains evidence of the skills attained over a specific period. It is assumed in education that personal development planning can greatly assist in the creation of self-motivated independent learner who has a higher likelihood to move to a higher degree of academic achievement (Lee, 2009, p. 31). Personal development plans are in most cases a requirement in the CVs of employees and the employees who take part in business training are regularly asked to create their personal development plans. Personal development planning that covers five years can be done by an individual with the aim of organizing personal goals and making the attainable within a particular period (Masters, Wallace, and Harwood, 2011, p. 24). In the determination of my personal developmental goals, I have a belief that personal objectives are essential to achieving and maintaining professional success. Apart from professional success, I also have an objective to maintain a healthy environment for my siblings and my colleagues to achieve success in their careers. My goal is to become a role model for the people in my family as well as my colleagues. My goal is to show them a good example in terms of perseverance and diligence in maintaining individual success in their lives. I have a particular determination to achieve a sequence of objectives that will lead to the ultimate goal of owning a company of my own. From a professional point of view, I have the insight of where my interests lie, in building my career and motivating the people around me to become better in what they do.

U A Fanthorpe writes powerfully about those who are most disempowered Essay Example for Free

U A Fanthorpe writes powerfully about those who are most disempowered Essay I think U A Fanthorpe does write powerfully about people who she thinks are disempowered. She does this very subtly and cleverly. She always looks at things in two perspectives one is from a dominating person and the other from a weak person who she supports. She, like Shakespeare uses various techniques to convey sympathy towards the weak people and her ideas to the reader. She uses very emotive and powerful language. I dont think that powerful writing just means strong language or words; the structure of the poem and the things she compares to could also reflect powerful writing. I think if people have confidence in themselves and who know what is right, would empower them. I think she is sympathetic towards the disempowered people. Writing about them shows this. In every poem she writes she uses italics to introduce new voices or characters. In Old Man, Old Man the old man is the disempowered person and the narrator is powerful. This is poem is based on the theme of old age, he left for himself when he saw better. In the beginning the old man was in control of everything, didnt need help but by the end he lost control and he felt helpless. and small things distress: Ive lost the hammer. It was also hinted that he was stubborn, disobedient and also had a short temper.no power to arouse your surliness. There are a lot of techniques used by Fanthorpe to reveal what she thought about the old man. Fanthorpe uses alliteration to give the sentence a bit more meaning and punch, garage and garden these harsh consonant sounds give it a bit more emphasis to it. She also makes use of imperatives let me find your hammer. Let me walk with you to drury lane. I am only a cloud; the last stanza is a good example. In You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly the interviewer is the powerful person and the interviewee is the disempowered one. This is based on a theme of middle age. At the beginning the interviewee has a bit a confidence but by the end of the poem he has lost it completely and he/she never gets a chance to speak. In this poem the vocabulary used is quite sophisticated, words like adequate are used instead of suitable; perpetuate is used instead of continue etc. Fanthorpe ridicules the interviewer and she exaggerates the characters villainous voice. Rhetorical questions are used to quite some affect, most of the stanzas end in these questions personally have to offer?; to defend their relevance; Would you say; And you were born-?. Alliteration is also used, Domestic disasters shimmer. I think that the interviewer is very sarcastic and insulting. In Half Past Two there are three characters so its hard to decide whos the powerful and whos the disempowered. I think that the narrator is the powerful one as she is very dominating and the child is the disempowered one as he is confused about the mature and adult world he has been put into suddenly. The vocabulary used is very casual and child like. The words like timeformykisstime, onceupona, gettinguptime, and tvtime are often used by young children and this shows that the child has a daily routine, when changed from it the child gets scared and needs support. There is a lot of repetition, capitals and alliteration used; the word time itself is repeated 19 times in the whole poem. Alliteration is used to show that the child cant tell time of a clock, he couldnt click its language. Capitals are used to emphasise the words. The poems themselves have one significant thing in common; there is always an authority person and a disempowered person. In most of her poems there is always an atmosphere of war, good and evil. Fanthorpe uses narrative technique very cleverly; this is particularly effective, as this does not completely reveal the identity of the narrator. This technique can create an atmosphere of tension and suspense. This creates sympathy for the disempowered from the reader. By using this technique, I am only a cloud, somehow the readers feel much more involved with the poem because it was written in first person. The readers can imagine the situation better and sympathise with the disempowered as if it was the readers who are the disempowered. She ridicules the authoritive figure by making their characters villain like and making them look as if they are the worst people on earth. Some of Fanthorpes writings are based on real life events, which contribute to their cultural, historical and social contexted writings. The setting of Old Man, Old Man in London proves this. You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly is an everyday stereotypical interview, which could happen anywhere. Half past two and Old man, old man have a similar structure and form but in comparison to You will be hearing from us shortly there is a stark contrast, it is written in a conversational manner. This adds to the meaning that its an interview and there are two people speaking and there is no narrator. If you look at Dear Mr Lee another one of Fanthorpes poems, it is more like a long story or essay than a poem divided into stanzas that is quite different to any of her other poems. She tries to vary her style of writing a bit from poem to poem. Most of the language she uses is informal but some of her vocabulary is sophisticated because she wanted to vary her style of writing and she also tries to keep the same theme of a dominating person and a weak person. She tries to paint the setting of her poem in the readers mind with the style of her writing. She also uses rhyming couplets in her poems. Her ability to do is excellent. I also think that these poems were written for pure enjoyment of reading and not taking it apart and look closely at each and every word, then comment on it. The poem You Will Be Hearing From Us Shortly can be looked at in two different views. The first is already mentioned above and then the second way of looking at it is the comic way. Maybe it wasnt meant to be real but just a pure fantasy where as Half-Past Two was meant to be real as all of the children would go through that stage when they are young. The ideas shown in the poems are quite different but in saying that they always have a good person and a bad person and the idea of them two always being at war. I think that U A Fanthorpe has successfully achieved her goal of creating sympathy to the disempowered people. After studying about her and her poems I have learned that powerful writing can be anything from structure of the poem to the vocabulary used, it does not necessarily mean strong language or words. I agree with some of her views but not all of them, I agree particularly with Half Past Twos views as I have been through that stage and know the feeling.

Power Sector Analysis: Porters Five Forces Model

Power Sector Analysis: Porters Five Forces Model More than 63% of Indias total installed capacity is contributed by thermal power. Western region accounts for largest share (30.09%) of the installed power in India followed by Southern region with 27.76%. Unbalanced growth remains the cause of concern for the Indian power sector. Only about 56% of households have access to electricity, with the rural access being 44% and urban access about 82%. Southern region remains the dominant region in renewable energy source accounting for more than 57% of the total renewable energy installed capacity. Indias power generation has grown with nominal rate at 0.65% in 2008 compared with 3.90% increased in 2007. Thermal, hydro and nuclear and wind are the major sources of power generation. Thermal power generation recorded positive growth at 3.25% in December 2008 however hydro and nuclear were recorded negative growth rate at 12.41% and 21.62% respectively in December 2008 compared with December 2007. In April-December 2008 power generation were recorded 2.57% growth compared with April-December 2007. There has been significant improvement in the growth in actual generation over the last few years. As compared to annual growth rate of about 3.1% at the end of 9th Plan and initial years of 10th Plan, the growth in generation during 2006-07 and 2007-08 was of the order of 7.3% and 6.33% respectively. Power Generation is primarily owned by the government (close to 90%) and the rest of the generation capacity is controlled by the private sector. Energy deficit in India has increased over the years. During the year 2007-2008, average energy shortage was 9.0 percent and peak energy shortage was 15.2 percent. As India develops, it is expected that energy demand will increase by more than 8 percent over the medium term. Factors that have been plaguing Indias power sector are capacity shortages, frequent power failures, poor reliability and deteriorating physical and financial conditions. Since majority of power generation is through thermal sources which are dependent on fossil fuels and cause environmental degradation through carbon emissions. Off late the government is laying more emphasis on using hydro and wind energy sources for power generation which are environment-friendly. An analysis of the Power sector using Porters Five Forces model Buyer Power Based on the following parameters it can be said that Overall the buyer has weak power. Low Switching Cost switching cost for the buyers is low as of now but is supposed to increase when new players come in the market as the product in not differentiable i.e. electricity. Buyer size Very small. Oligopoly Threat Very Low. Undifferentiated product As the product i.e. electricity is undifferentiated product, so this increases buyer power. Tendency to switch Buyers will switch to the supplier who is efficient and cost effective. Price sensitivity Not much price sensitive Financial muscle Nothing as compared to PSEs. Buyer independence Low as of now but if more suppliers come into picture as Govt. has sought competition in this market, the buyer power will increase. Product dispensability Very Low. Supplier Power Based on the following parameters it can be assessed that the supplier Power in High. Supplier size Very Large as the suppliers are Large PSEs. Oligopoly threat Small number of suppliers enjoy monopoly, thereby contributing to the supplier power. Switching costs Very high, as only large govt. companies are the suppliers. Player independence Low Substitute inputs As no substitute inputs, so the firms have no choice. Player dispensability High Differentiated input- Inputs are same i.e. electricity in case of company buying electricity from wholesale market and selling to the end-users, and coal or gas in case the company is in power generation field. Threat of New Entrants The Threat of new entrants is moderate based on the following parameters. Low Switching Cost Switching cost for the end-user is low, so it increases opportunity for the new entrants. Undifferentiated product Product is not differentiable i.e. electricity, so the users have the incentive to switch to the low cost supplier. This increases the opportunity for the new efficient entrants. Fixed costs High fixed cost acts as a barrier to entry for new entrants. Little regulation Delicensed generation and multiple licenses in the distribution in the same area of supply acts as an opportunity for the new entrants. Distribution accessible Increasing the threat of new entrants. Suppliers accessible Increasing the threat of new entrants. Market growth High, leading to great opportunities for new entrants. Threat of Substitutes The Threat of substitutes is Weak as per the following parameters. Low Switching Cost The cost of switching to substitutes like gas, solar penal, etc. is high. Rivalry among existing firms The rivalry among existing firms is low as per the following parameters. Competitor size Very Few companies very large in size like NTPC, NLC, NHPC, NPCIL, PGCIL etc. Number of players Very few. Hard to exit Ease of expansion Difficult because of lack of investment and resources. Why should weather derivatives be introduced in India? Estimates suggest that the unutilized hydro power potential of India is in excess of 0.15 Million MW. This figure indicates that there is growing importance of weather dependent hydro and wind based power projects in India. Power generation through hydro and wind depends on a number of critical weather factors such as rainfall, snowfall, wind speed etc. Already weather derivative products based on these indices is being used in a number of countries. With the introduction of availability based tariff the spot market for electricity trading has come up where electricity is bought and sold by market participants like producers, consumers and intermediaries. These developments have taken the market for electricity closer to other normal markets in the economy where derivative trading has been successfully going on. Indian electricity market is still very much controlled by the government unlike the US market which is highly competitive. The Indian government offers a number of subsidies to the consumers thereby absorbing the cost of production and transmission and increasing the fiscal deficit. Introduction of weather derivatives will help in passing the cost to the consumer thereby reducing the burden on the government. Continuous supply of energy to agriculture and industrial sector is essential for the rapid growth of the economy. The government cannot afford to overlook this issue as this would act as a major deterrent to the foreign direct investment. Introduction of weather derivatives would bring in a lot of private participation in energy sector thereby making it more competitive, efficient and robust. Introduction of weather derivatives would serve as an effective risk hedging mechanism for Indian power sector in comparison to other alternatives such as long-term power purchasing agreements. Electricity Derivatives and long term power purchasing agreements: All commodities are being successfully traded on Indian stock exchanges but derivatives trading in power sector has not begun yet. Weather derivatives would be traded soon once the parliament approves the amendment in Forward Contract Regulation Act. Although the electricity derivatives market have not done that well worldwide analysts suggest that unless the spot market for the underlying commodity is well functioning, it is very difficult to have a feasible derivatives market. It would be a difficult task to promote electricity derivatives in India as the spot market in electricity is still in its growing stage and private participation is almost nil. Some of the requirements that should be met for a viable electricity derivative market: An active and competitive spot market with a large number of private participants Government should reduce its control over generation, transmission and distribution of power Availability of adequate number of power exchanges that would cater to the need of each of the geographically segmented electricity market. There should be sufficient surplus power generation capacity available so that power may be transmitted to desired destination without any loss of time. The above features are nonexistent in the Indian market with the majority of the control lying with the government thereby making the electricity market in India highly non-competitive. As per reports it is suggested that in a non-competitive market demand for power should be met by long term power purchasing agreements and a very small percentage should be traded in the spot market because of price volatility. Such agreements hedge the risk of power producing companies but the risk is transferred to the purchasing companies who have to pay the contracted rates. Most of the state electricity boards in India are purchasing power through long term contracts and continue to be in a state of financial bankruptcy. This long term agreements simply shift the price risk to the consumer. In India as of now there are no power exchanges where electricity derivatives are being traded. The above arguments indicate that risk hedging in Indian power sector through electricity derivatives and long term power purchasing agreements may not be a long term solution. Weather Derivatives and their effectiveness for Indian Power sector Weather derivatives are instruments used to hedge the weather dependent risk, which could be termed as financial gain or loss due to variability in daily climatic conditions. In the power sector the weather risk is huge both on demand and supply side as they are dependent on weather related factors. On the demand side the amount of energy required for both heating and cooling depends on the weather. Similarly on the supply side the hydro based power plants are dependent on annual rainfall and snowfall. If the rainfall is insufficient there would be less production and in that case the producers will have to buy from the costly spot markets to meet up the contractual obligation. This is highly risky and hence the hydro based power producers need a hedge against the weather risk. Variation in temperature, rainfall etc means that it would affect the power consumption. Indian electricity market is highly regulated with majority of control related to buying and selling of power is rested with the government therefore price risk in Indian context is not an issue but the volume risk is a major threat. Weather derivatives offer a feasible solution to overcome the volume related risk in Indian power sector as it can be implemented without disturbing the market structure or by making huge infrastructural investments. An essential requirement for trading weather derivatives is the availability of accurate historical and current weather data which is available at the Indian Meteorological Department. The financial market is well developed in India. One important requirement could be developing appropriate weather based indices, designing pricing mechanism for weather derivative contracts and educating the participants about the concept. Once regulatory roadblocks are cleared these contracts could be listed on major stock and commodity exchanges of the country where users, producers and other participants may trade them. State electricity boards and government owned power p roducers would benefit from weather derivatives. Trading in weather derivatives would also bring in a lot of foreign direct investment in power sector as this would be an effective way to hedge volume related risk in power sector. The government needs to open the power distribution to private players to bring in more liquidity and improve efficiency. From above argument it is evident that the weather derivatives are a much better risk hedging alternative as compared to electricity derivatives and long term power purchasing contracts. Selection of Appropriate Weather Derivative Contract A suitable weather derivative contract depends upon the risk tolerance of buyer and the seller weather they are risk averse or risk loving and what their expectations are about the future. Few basic rules before selecting a weather derivative contract: If the parties are risk averse and wish to avoid paying contract premium then variable weather risk can be fixed with a swap contract. If the parties are willing to take risk by paying a moderate to high premium and the probability of price hike is very high then a cap contract can be considered.. If the parties prefer protection from losses due to price decline or lower production more than the benefits from the price rise or increased production then a collar contract is the most suitable one. Swap Contract A weather swap can be constructed for a hypothetical power producer Hydel ltd. if it wants earnings stability from lower rainfall, but would also like to benefit from cold winter conditions without paying a premium. Swap payout structure Cap Contract Assume that a power starves state electricity board wishes to hedge peak load requirement during the summer season. Further, it is assumed that past 20 years data reveals that during the five-month summer season there are 5,000 cumulative cooling degree days (CDDs), on average. After analyzing the relationship between power consumption and historical weather conditions, it is determined that for each CDD above 5,020, SEBs earnings are affected by Rs. 50,000. Therefore, a weather cap contract is structured with a strike value of 5,020 and premium of Rs. 5 million. Cap Contract payout structure Collar Contract Collar contract restricts the natural outcome to upper and lower put boundaries. It is a combination of put and call options. Consider the case of a hypothetical Counterparty Hydel Ltd. The possible payout profile would be: Counterparty: Hydel Ltd. Term: June 2005-May 2006. Index: cumulative inches of rainfall per year, as measured at Station X. Put strike: 40 inches (Hydel Ltd. receives below). Call strike: 60 inches (Hydel Ltd. pays above). Payment: Rs. 10,000 per 1/10 inch. Put limit: 25 inches. Call limit: 80 inches. Premium: No premium. Collar payout structure

The Concept Of Early Marriage Society Essay

The Concept Of Early Marriage Society Essay Everyone knows the problem of young and adults because of its adverse effects on the family and society, and has negative implications in terms of health, psychological and economical aspects(14 October) newspaper some of the members of the community to know the damage this marriage that people complain about it. Effects of Early Marriage Early marriage effects can be both negative and positive, it may be a successful marriage, but the cons are more than the pros. For example, we can say that a large proportion of the Yemeni society represent an example of this issue but if we think that this segment live without a stable marriage life we might be wrong and perhaps they feel that theyre happy because they got used to it as a tradition. The most important disadvantages of early marriage is that it always ends in failure and paradoxical as it may be married at the request of parents and held them since they were small meaning that marriage imposed does not exist for the passion between them, early marriage, even if they continued accompanied by a lot of problems and the contract, especially after a period of  age of marriage, where the feel of each party that imposed on him and that view both to the other non-interest and satisfaction in other words, that feeling and a sense of the party towards the other party no longer has any existence, and that was contrary to the truth becomes a spacing and acrimony between the parties. Another result from early marriage, family non-threaded or non-M in the case of the continuation of the marriage and the reason is due to the lack of full maturity and rationality of the husband or wife and irresponsibility in building a noble family strong and I mean that boys have no one to c are for them and bring them good education, because the spouses do not realize the meaning of responsibility of the parties and achieve the desired goal  and satisfy the instinct emotional only. may be the man at the age or old age and women are at an early age has been a marriage for the purpose of material or so and thus appear negative after marriage, a lack of understanding between married couples, or different thinking or a difference of age and perhaps married women in  an early age was forced and therefore not aware of the meaning of married life later, and may be just the opposite for men who marry early, a woman older than him not as a woman or girl when she marries at an early age is not reassuring for life and face many pressures psychological, social and often mood nervous  , feel that they have committed a sin or it is a human being naive, being married at a young age and things are a shame for them and in this age, she does not understand the meaning of a family and have no look to build a society and that foundation is the family sense of two fresh for Dyalrgel and women who get married at the age of  early to be inadequate for building the family and society, but remains of early marriage are some positive aspects for the young and the young because it works on the vaccinated and protected from corruption and moral decay and the behavior is normal and is therefore considered this marriage horse for the person and maybe this kind of marriage has its benefits in the face of the burdens of married life and its problems with  After marriage, born with the challenge, resilience and ability to carry tow and the requirements of married life so that men have acquired a strong will not weaken in front of the difficult circumstances it was important and this is rarely found in people who were raised in the environment or harsh conditions ..   It could be argued that the benefits of early marriage that children living in the age and age is enough to help their parents until they are old and cannot fear them from the pitfalls of old-time.   Marriage Alambkremcklp haunt community   She spoke Sister / Salwa Mohammed Ali gauze, saying:   Marriage housing and love and mercy to form a stable family united and that the marriage of the ways of God in the universe for the sustainability of life and continuity to what God wills, but early marriage, which means that a person is is ready physically and mentally etc incomplete maturity and identifies age is under the age of eighteen  age, that early marriage problem of great social concern to the community and lead to a lot of social and psychological problems, one of the most important reasons that lead to high divorce rate in society and leads to many social and psychological problems and also lead to a deviation of the children and their estates and are considered victims of early marriage as it is the most important  factors affecting the creation of family volatile of the inability of spouses to raise children properly so that they become a burden on society but on their families and themselves, which leads to backwardness and lack of growth of the community and res ult in early marriage conflict between the families so as not to bear a spouse, each other and Isttie solve their problems but  resort to the parents mentally and physically, to the lack of psychological stability in the family and most of this or that loss of life in the bickering and problems that do not expire and age that does not repeat without that we benefit in our religion and our mundane. Reasons behind early marriage?   The most important reasons that drive parents to marry off their daughters or their children at a young age instinct existing within the human psyche and of greed for material shall be their children just a commodity sold without thinking about their future, which is the most expensive things in life as well as the motivation, traditions and customs that would lead to marriage of children in  an early age, especially the girl who beat her and be married at the age inappropriate for her and are not able to bear this responsibility, because age is not formatted to the procreation and upbringing of children, and motivations also underdevelopment which is the problem itself, I mean the failure of parents who push them strong impetus to the lack of understanding that life  change and not necessarily to live their children as they lived them, as well as becoming early marriage stumbling block particularly girls Fimnaha of education altogether, or are taken out of school early in life a nd thus are lagging behind non-educated and have a negative impact on society and therefore fail in her marriage these and other factors  help to leave the community and not to link the past with the present at this important point with the harm caused by serious and psychological impacts both on women at this early stage is not ready physically and still members of the body in the process of growth and reproduction at this stage may lose their life or grow properly and is an important factor in  high mortality rate at birth Add to this the complications subsequent harmful to their health and the health of her unborn child and most importantly, the injured psychological where infected women are depressed psychological due to the circumstances the new life that can not afford what the difficulties because they do not have experience in how to deal with life, which is still living is  the same age children    Therefore, we have as much as possible to avoid early marriage and childbearing for the risk of significant social and judge our minds on this issue in order to avoid the scourge before they regret when it is too late because a marriage to a social entity and the prisoners must be equal.   In contrast,  At the other end spoke Brother / Abdul Salam future Rabadi said: Marriage is a blessing of God Almighty bestowed on all human beings to the fraught relationship of love and compassion and intimacy between the couple and a family to preserve the offspring of human extinction has embodied the marital relationship, all the laws of  era (our father Adam) until God inherits the earth and them, therefore, early marriage is not a distasteful because it is for both sexes, male and female chastity and purity, the purity of the vices which are located in communities that are prescribed in laws and prohibit this type of marriage. helps to spread of immorality how much gets  in Western and Eastern societies that do not condemn the Islamic law.   It also has disadvantages may be negligible compared positively by fortifying communities Underworld reservation offspring of human extinction and protect communities from diseases that arise from the delay of marriage as is the case in the communities mentioned above. Therefore I think that early marriage is the only way to protect communities from indulging in the relations  illegal and therefore they work on the conservation of lineages and races and good birth control. Children do not bear the responsibility   He spoke Brother / Nayef Hammoud right: First to Know Why marry boys and girls at a young age and early and say they were previously driven to marry off their children are young because of the lack of hands to help them in farming and the individual, including married women Owalitnin Owalthelat even have help to work and serve the land and planting and harvesting  But the question is puzzling in our time because they do not work on farms and became the Son burden on the father rather than what to be the father costly supports an the child only becomes a father costly supports an son and his wife and children This is a dilemma in itself add to the burden of the family I am the opinion that parents do not give the marriage of their children  However, when mature and appreciate the responsibility and know the rights of marriage for males and females all of whom know his wealth and what it should be efficient and able to bear the responsibility and expenses of the House because it wo uld establish a home and family I am When I married that my son was young and I spent it will become the responsibility of heavy Ali and therefore will be forced  to tell him that God opens you rode your home and here face reality and do not work, no job and no home do not study a whole part dependent on his father does not compare marriage in the past and present in the past of early marriage was not a problem because life as a whole were not complex, as is the  today in the era of technology and the person to go to anywhere and do any work without conditions and the number of hearts of the people was a little comparison of population explosion happening, who is suffering from the country before twenty years have passed a variety of jobs present and most people working in Gulf countries and the rest at home and very easily accessible, but  In the present work is becoming difficult, both outside and inside the country.   Conclusion From my point of view, disadvantages of early marriage causing the number of divorces for the failure of the two partners in the marital life and the ignorance of the girl of their duties and their rights and problems of early marriage is also that children do not know the meaning of marriage and what the duties and rights are married, imagine when the wife is a child and are subjected to pregnancy and childbirth and give birth to a baby is  do not know the methods of education and do not know how to care for this baby because they are themselves looking for a mentor, and from the complete breeding, as well as the health problem faced by post-natal and the Son which was imposed by the marriage and parenthood is not capable nor wise nor very well all these reasons, the above-mentioned  lead to the failure of the marriage and lead to early divorce logic is to learn and study and get a job then we can think about marriage.  

Soliloquy Essays - Analysis of Hamlets Soliloquies :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

Analysis of Hamlet's Soliloquies "To be or not to be--that is the question..." Many people incorrectly interpret those famous words of Hamlet's, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to act accordingly to his uncle's/step-father's crime against his own father. However, later on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras' resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inner struggle and sees the actions that he must take in order to bring inner peace to himself and avenge his father's murder. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his "sea of troubles" and seek revenge for his father's death or live with the pain of his father's murder. Hamlet's weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to kill Claudius by rationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In addition to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is better to stay alive or commit suicide. "To die, to sleep--/No more--and by a sleep to say we end/The heartache and the thousand natural shocks/That flash is heir to--'tis a consummation/Devoutly to be wished" (III,i,68-71). If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were to sleep, he might have disturbing dreams while in slumber which would be wholly undesirable. Hamlet knows that what he wishes to do to his uncle is sinful an d wrong, but it is this train of thought that leaves him in a state of anxiety. This soliloquy portrays Hamlet as a sort of coward because he can not act upon his own emotions and desires. In order to escape his heartache, he cowardly thinks about killing himself. Nevertheless, Hamlet's resolve makes a dramatic turn by the time he recites his soliloquy of Act IV, Scene iv. In his last soliloquy, it is obvious that Hamlet's state of mind has gone through a metamorphosis. Unlike his "To be or not to be" soliloquy, Hamlet knows how much of a coward he has been and illustrates this in his final soliloquy by comparing himself to Fortinbras. Soliloquy Essays - Analysis of Hamlet's Soliloquies :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays Analysis of Hamlet's Soliloquies "To be or not to be--that is the question..." Many people incorrectly interpret those famous words of Hamlet's, not knowing the true meaning or background behind his speech. In his soliloquy, Hamlet contemplates whether or not he should take it upon himself to act accordingly to his uncle's/step-father's crime against his own father. However, later on in the play, Hamlet realizes Fortinbras' resolve and his quest for victory. By witnessing Fortinbras and his actions, Hamlet comes to realize that he has no inner struggle and sees the actions that he must take in order to bring inner peace to himself and avenge his father's murder. In his most famous soliloquy, Hamlet ponders whether he should take action against his "sea of troubles" and seek revenge for his father's death or live with the pain of his father's murder. Hamlet's weakness is later illustrated when he passes up the opportunity to kill Claudius by rationalizing that he has made peace with God, therefore sending him to Heaven if he were to be slain. In addition to his proposal of vengeance, he also contemplates whether it is better to stay alive or commit suicide. "To die, to sleep--/No more--and by a sleep to say we end/The heartache and the thousand natural shocks/That flash is heir to--'tis a consummation/Devoutly to be wished" (III,i,68-71). If he were to sleep, he feels that all his troubles would vanish, and this would not be such a bad thing. However, he says that if he were to sleep, he might have disturbing dreams while in slumber which would be wholly undesirable. Hamlet knows that what he wishes to do to his uncle is sinful an d wrong, but it is this train of thought that leaves him in a state of anxiety. This soliloquy portrays Hamlet as a sort of coward because he can not act upon his own emotions and desires. In order to escape his heartache, he cowardly thinks about killing himself. Nevertheless, Hamlet's resolve makes a dramatic turn by the time he recites his soliloquy of Act IV, Scene iv. In his last soliloquy, it is obvious that Hamlet's state of mind has gone through a metamorphosis. Unlike his "To be or not to be" soliloquy, Hamlet knows how much of a coward he has been and illustrates this in his final soliloquy by comparing himself to Fortinbras.

Hitler Youth :: essays research papers

I thought the most interesting aspect of the Hitler Youth movement was the beginning of it all, when the numbers were small to when the organization held a lot of power. The years 1933-1938 were the most influential of the youth movement. These years determined what the organization would become and how much power they would hold.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When Hitler came into power as the German Chancellor in 1933, the Hitler youth was not nearly close to an idea of what it was to become. Around this time, The Hitler Youth Organization numbered around one hundred thousand. Until two months later when Hitler was given dictatorial powers, which meant the state, was behind the Hitler Youth now. Immediately Hitler ordered that either organizations join the Nazi’s or disband. If the organizations chose to join the Hitler Youth Movement were under the power of Baldur Von Schirach who Hitler appointed to be the head of The Youth organization, with only Hitler to answer to.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schirach began quickly by sending the fifty boys into The Reich’s Committee of German Youth Association, and taking the six million members under the authority of the Hitler youth. So most of the recruitment for the Youth Movement was forced. Some groups did join willing though, but groups like The Catholic Youth Organization held out for as long as three years.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Schirach soon organized Hitler’s Youth Movement into a precise running machine. He set up age brackets as well as a Hitlers youth for girls called the BDM(Bund Deutcher Madel{League of German Girls}). The age brackets for boys started at ten to fourteen were the boys were in the jungvolk, and the boys from fourteen to eighteen were in the HJ(Hitler Jugend{Youth}). The girls had their age brackets as well the young girls from ten to fourteen were in the Jungmadel, and the girls from fourteen to eighteen were in the actual BDM.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The youth organization was based on competition on what ever they did boys or girls. The boys and girls did not participate together though, they did do very much of the same things. The boys played War games, and often started brawls, which was not discouraged because the Nazi’s believed it was toughing up the youth.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The only problem Schirach was running into was that he could not find enough qualified people to be Youth leaders. Schirach could not fill the positions because the youth movement was growing so fast.

The Internet. Essay -- Design and Technology

The Internet. The Development of the Internet The Internet had started as a research project that was funded by the US Military. There were only three computers that were linked up to this network at this time. After 1969 a total of four computers were linked to this network, but nowadays there are billions. To link onto the internet everybody had a dial up connection which was a connection through your telephone line, when you wanted to go onto the internet a analogue signal would have been sent to your telephone provider and you would have been billed by them according to what your pay package was. The disadvantage of this was that you couldn’t accept telephone calls that were being made to your phone numbers but now the latest technology allows telephone calls to be accepted regardless if you are on the internet and now a new digital signal is being used instead of the old analogue one. Before simple information was displayed on the internet for example reviews and news and membership clubs were common, but now anything can be found on the internet. The internet also has a long way to go before it is 100% safe in the future; internet developers are working on improving the search engines, privacy and the security of the internet. Spam Spam is the name given to unwanted e-mails. This could be things advertising new products, or get rich prize draws, credit schemes and pornography. Spam can cost businesses as much as a couple of million pounds to send out computers. Spam can be sent to home computers as well as business computers. Businesses try to filter Spam by using blockers but these attempts may fail, because Spam is sent out in its millions this can clog up the internet network causing computers to rum slow or even crash. E-mail E-mail is short for electronic mail. E-mail is not only for fun but plays a large part in effective communication between major businesses. Almost everybody connected on the internet has an e-mail account. Accounts are free and can be achieved by singing up with companies such as yahoo, AOL and hotmail. Due to e-mail accounts being free storage space is limited. If you wish to have more storage space to keep more e-mails then the providers of your account offer you the chance to purchase a bigger account at a small price which you normally have to pay each month. Depending on ... ... should only contain material that is relevant and suitable for them. Ø Any pages that are likely to offend people should have a warning on them e.g. racist pages. Ø Links should not connect people to inappropriate sites when they are unaware of it. Ø People should not send Spam Ø Adverts on the internet should be true and not just joking about Ø If it is a purchasing site any extra cost such as VAT should clearly be shown Ø The advertisers name should be shown clearly Ø Information on web sites should not encourage illegal acts Ø Private data can’t be shown without the person knowing about it. Conclusion Overall the internet is a fast way to obtain information from a lot of different sources it is a good time killer if you are bored as it has billions and billions of different websites to explore. The internet is also a good way of advertising and selling and equally purchasing items. Although there are many draw backs the internet has more advantages than disadvantages. The fact that there are billions of people connected to the internet opposed to four computers when it was first set up means that it must be a good place to visit.

Art of the Romantic Period

During the Romantic period, composers had shown their romantic side. The expressive part in all artists was being shown. The passion in art, the variety of bold colors, the freedom of expression, and how one feels through the sound of a piano or violin, it was all being shown. Much of what the classical period was still remained during the romantic period, but to most, the romantic period was so much more. The music was more emotional and expressive, and had even influenced artists that weren’t musicians to be romantic as well. All artists were becoming the romantics of the time, and what a time it was for the arts. The romantic period will always be remembered as a time in history when passion was important, expression was used, and emotion was seen and heard. There are many characteristics involved in the romantic period. The individuality of style was an important characteristic. Each composer had his own style that showed his innermost feelings through and expressed emotional piece of work. Expressive aims and subjects were also important during this period. The romantics explored a universe of feelings that included intimacy and flamboyance, melancholy and unpredictability, longing and rapture Romanticism (1820-1900) in music was brought to the world during the early nineteenth century. This music stressed emotion, imagination, and individualism. The Romantic period was about freedom of expression and breaking away from time-honored conventions. This period in time had influenced many, or even all of the arts. Painters used bolder and more brilliant colors in their works. Also, they had preferred dynamic motion to gracefully balanced poses. Poetry was also changed during the romantic period. Emotional subjectivity was a basic quality in every type of art during this time. Many artists had become â€Å"romantics† and had become drawn to the realm of fantasy: the unconscious, the irrational, and the world of dreams. Romantics were fascinated with the middle age, the time of chivalry and romance. What neoclassicists had thought of to be the â€Å"dark ages†, the romantics had cherished. The spirit of revolution was â€Å"a dedication to the principles of equality, reason, and a representative government. † (Bishop 323) With the overthrow of Kings in America and France it did not stop the injustices or establish a utopia of reason. With the middle class growing a society developed and a new sensibility arose called romanticism, which glorified the individual and prized feelings over reason and intellect. â€Å"This period of revolutionary change and romantic reaction (1775-1850) laid down the principles, and discovered the demons of the first modern society. † (Bishop 323) Elements of romantic art and literature came about to respond to different social and historical circumstances. Poets of this time argued against the social injustices of early society. A woman named Mary Wollstonecraft wanted equal rights for woman, and a Spanish painter Goya bitterly depicted the cruelty of war. Authors in England and North America such as Wordsworth and Emerson saw nature as a mirror of the human imagination. Painters developed now techniques of color and light to render the natural landscape’s sublime beauty. Other people sought escape in the past, and had a taste for picturesque medieval architecture. As the industrial life became dull and mechanical, the lure of exotic lands spurred the imaginations of architects such as Nash and painters such as Delacroix and Ingres. The people of the romantic age were fascinated with evil, the demonic, and the grotesque and the dark side of things that were reflected in the novel, with its medieval setting and tortured characters. The most famous Gothic novel was Mary Shelley’s â€Å"Frankenstein†, which was a summation of the romantic motifs: â€Å"the genius, the noble savage, the protest against injustice, and the fascination with evil. † At one point in the study of the Romantic period of music, we come upon the first of several apparently opposing conditions that plague all attempts to grasp the meaning of Romantic as applied to the music of the 19th century. This opposition involved the relation between music and words. If instrumental music is the perfect Romantic art, why is it acknowledged that the great masters of the symphony, the highest form of instrumental music, were not Romantic composers, but were the Classical composers, Haydn, Mozart, and Beethoven? Moreover, one of the most characteristic 19th century genres was the Lied, a vocal piece in which Shubert, Schumann, Brahams, and Wolf attained a new union between music and poetry. Furthermore, a large number of leading composers in the 19th century were extremely interested and articulate in literary expression, and leading Romantic novelists and poets wrote about music with deep love and insight. The conflict between the ideal of pure instrumental music (absolute music) as the ultimate Romantic mode of expression, and the strong literary orientation of the 19th century, was resolved in the conception of program music. Program music, as Liszt and others in the 19th century used the term, is music associated with poetic, descriptive, and even narrative subject matter. This is done not by means of musical figures imitating natural sounds and movements, but by imaginative suggestion. Program music aimed to absorb and transmit the imagined subject matter in such a way that the resulting work, although â€Å"programmed†, does not sound forced, and transcends the subject matter it seeks to represent. Instrumental music thus became a vehicle for the utterance of thoughts which, although first hinted in words, may ultimately be beyond the power of words to fully express. Practically every composer of the era was, to some degree, writing program music, weather or not this was publicly acknowledged. One reason it was so easy for listeners to connect a scene or a story or a poem with a piece of Romantic music is that often the composer himself, perhaps unconsciously, was working from some such ideas. Writers on music projected their own conceptions of the expressive functions of music into the past, and read Romantic programs into the instrumental works not only of Beethoven, but also the likes of Mozart, Haydn, and Bach! The diffused scenic effects in the music of such composers as Mendelssohn and Schumann seem pale when compared to the feverish, and detailed drama that constitutes the story of Berlioz's Symphonie fantastique (1830). Because his imagination always seemed to run in parallel literary and musical channels, Berlioz once subtitled his work â€Å"Episode in the life of an artist†, and provided a program for it which was in effect a piece of Romantic autobiography. In later years, he conceded that if necessary, when the symphony was performed by itself in concert, the program would need not be given out for the music would â€Å"of itself, and irrespective of any dramatic aim, offer an interest in the musical sense alone. † The principle formal departure in the symphony is the recurrence of the opening theme of the first Allegro, the idee fixe. This, according to the program, is the obsessive image of the hero's beloved, that recurs in the other movements. To mention another example: in the coda of the Adagio there is a passage for solo English horn and four Tympani intended to suggest â€Å"distant thunder†. The foremost composer of program music after Beriloz was Franz Liszt, twelve of whose symphonic poems were written between 1848 and 1858. The name symphonic poem is significant: these pieces are symphonic, but Liszt did not call them symphonies, presumably because or their short length, and the fact that they are not divided up into movements. Instead, each is a continuos form with various sections, more or less varied in tempo and character, and a few themes that are varied, developed, or repeated within the design of the work. Les Preludes, the only one that is still played much today, is well designed, melodious, and efficiently scored. However, its idiom causes it to be rhetorical in a sense. It forces today's listeners to here lavishly excessive emotion on ideas that do not seem sufficiently important for such a display of feeling.

Economics and External Audit

As mentioned in the case study above, Kellogg is going through a challenging time. Perform an external audit on Kellogg. Discuss the opportunities and threats facing the company. Answer Perform an external audit on Kellogg, will gain the team with better understanding of the firm industry, competitors and markets. It should involve as many managers and employees as possible. Before perform the audit, Kellogg must try to gather as much as possible on competitive intelligence and information about the products range, scale of economic, social, cultural, local political situation, legal, and technological trends.External audit staffs or manager should get strategic information update periodically by various sources such as such as internet, business magazine, and trade journals from stock exchange markets, newspaper, university and corporate publication. Suppliers, distributors, customers, salespersons and competitors represent also good references information. Once Kellogg collected al l these information, a detail study and evaluation should immediate carry out by involving a group of key staffs and management to identify the key threads and opportunities may occurs.Every key factor should list down and put with priority with rank from 1 for most important to 20 with least important. This ranking should conduct for both threat and opportunity. These external key factors may change from time to time which very much depending on the situation. Relationships with supplier or distributors are often a critical success factor. Other important variables use are include market share value, world economic environment, and technology, price competitiveness, load interest rate, competing of same range of products and sales force advantage and so on.Key external factors should be (a) Important for Kellogg to achieving annual and long-term objectives (b) applicable to all competing organization or company (c) quantitative and must be measureable (d) hierarchical which mean it may able apply across the organization but some are only for certain department only. The finalize list must publish and well explain among the organization in order to maximize the result when execute the action items. The key impact on external factors should include both threats and opportunities. Opportunities and Threats facing by the company:The external opportunities and threats facing by Kellogg may refer to social, economic, government, political, legal, demographic, environmental, technological, and competitive trends and events that impact the future of Kellogg. Opportunities and threats are usually difficult to control by an organization. A few opportunities and threads that face are listed here: ?Cash flow and company capital may impact or affected by the credit term or bad debt by their customer or cash spend on the acquisition. ?Price competition will largely impact organization profits margin since organization may offer price discount to maintain the market share. Change of consumer expectation on the products. It can be technology advancement, green product, simples operation with more users friendly and so on. ?Security of information technology will be a major concern since it may be hack by hacker with more and more transactions go on-line. ?With the increase of labor cost and processing cost, this will direct impact the commodity food prices and eventually these cost will factor in into the selling price. ?Political uncertainty in Africa and Middle East causing oil prices raise which may direct impact to the manufacturing and logistic cost. Both European and United State having high underemployment and unemployment rates will direct impact the spending power. Both European and United State encounter slow in economic growth. ?Short product life cycles is become a trend and organization much continuous to invent on new products by spending huge amount of capital on research and development to fulfill market need. ?Uncertain on global weath er with winters are colder and summers hotter than usual which impact the growth of agriculture’s products. This factor will impact to the supply demand which will directly impact to the raw material price.

John Keats – Ode to a Nightingale Criticism

Keats is in love with a nightingale. He is at a loss of how to feel; happy for witnessing the bird’s ‘high requiem’, or sad for not being part of its world. In the first stanza the poet is having clear symptoms of an extreme sadness. His ‘heart aches’ and a drowsy numbness pains’ his sense. This heavy mood is paradoxically denounced in the same stanza. It’s ‘being too happy’ in the nightingale’s happiness that’s causing the malaise. The stanza comes to an end in a joyful mood as opposed the heavy start of the poem. He imagines the bird’s home as ‘some melodious plot of beechen green’.Through this synaesthesia he creates a vivid picture of one of his classic bowers. The second stanza opens with a plea ‘for a drought of vintage’ through which he can fulfill his plea to ‘fade away’. This stanza evokes a lot of appeal to the sense of taste, ‘tasting of flora and c ounty green’. The theme of nature together with a joyful atmosphere is also evident. ‘Dance, and provencal song, and sunburnt mirth’. From the comfort of the dreamy second stanza, the third plunges the reader into the sad reality and banality of life. ‘The weariness, the fever, and the fret’ are a reality that the nightingale doesn’t know.Here ‘youth grows pale’ and ‘beauty cannot keep her lustrous eyes’. This sombre stanza induces a feeling of a disappointing reality. It’s much better to belong to a dream than to this painful truth. This stanza is also a typical example of Keats’s obsession with illness and death. He decides to ‘fly’ to the nightingale’s realm. However he won’t do this through substance he pondered about in the first two stanzas, but through ‘the viewless wings of poesy’. This is a eulogy to poetry and its ability to take the reader to the spiritu al realm of imagination.He joins the nightingale where the trees let no light in except for when the wind moves their branches. The last three lines stress darkness and the gloomy colours of mundane existence. In the fifth stanza he cannot see what ‘soft incense hangs upon the boughs’. This synaesthesia leads the reader to touch the scent. He is enveloped in ‘embalmed darkness’ – where balm is a sweet smelling fragrance – but he can still imagine all that there in its midst. Through the heavenly eyes of imagination he can see the ‘white hawthorn and the pastoral eglantine’.He can see ‘fast fading violets’ and the musk-rose that is full of ‘dewy wine’ to make sure we know that this world being describe is the nightingale’s not the poet’s. He can also hear the ‘murmurous haunt of flies on summer eves’. After experiencing the extreme joy of the nightingale’s song he is findi ng it hard to go back to the harsh reality. He is playing with the tempting idea of an ‘easeful Death’. It would be a happy death, ‘now more than ever it seems rich to die’, ‘in such ecstasy’. But then his thought evolves further and understands that the nightingale would go on singing, and being death he would miss his ‘high requiem’.The switching from reality to fantasy keeps going on. The poet is back in the nightingale’s realm. It seems that the switch occurred also in his mood. From the rather dark mood of the sixth stanza, the seventh stanza introduces us to a rather jubilant Keats. He’s full of praise for the ‘immortal bird’ whose voice transcends from ‘ancient days’. ‘It was heard by emperor and clown’, which perhaps implies that its song is for everyone. It was heard by Ruth, a biblical figure who has a ‘sad heart’ to alleviate her pains. It’s song â €˜charm’d magic ceasments’ of faery which are ‘forlorn’ and the seas which are ‘perilous’.These words hint at the pain described in the first stanza, a pain the poet is trying to escape. This idea of pain introduces us to the next stanza. The same word ‘forlorn’ wakes him up; reminds him of reality. ‘Fancy’ or imagination is seen as a cheater. He awakes from this delusion understanding where he really belongs. This brings him to question if it all was a ‘vision, or a waking dream? ’ This is a reference to the transient and brief nature of imagination, perhaps the poem itself. It was all a momentary euphoria, ‘fled is that music: – do I wake or sleep’, it seems that the vision was too good to be true.

People at Work Essay

There are many styles of management that produces different kinds of results. If not done right, it would either be too much or too little, bringing out effects such as being less creative, however efficient or being more creative but less efficient. Wanting to bring out the best of our employees, innovation in management tends to analyze workforce who are also more adept to technical innovations and easy practical solutions. In a generation with ever changing attitudes who are attuned to the trends of society, it is also a must that old management styles are being updated and innovated. Philips Cooke (2006) described innovation in its simplest form as the transformation of new creative ideas into new goods and services. It is not only focused on products and new technological gadgets, innovation are also most effective when applied to management. With innovative management applied in a company, results can be seen in effectiveness, production, excellence, spirited positioning, and market share. This is why, in management innovation, Emotional Intelligence or Emotional Quotient (EQ) has now become a very critical factor in the workplace and top management today because more than just smart heads and high IQ people, companies and businesses today takes more than just desks, ledgers, machines and materials to make a business work. More than anything else, businesses need people. People are needed to make a company grow, people who are working together, not necessarily on the same department or in the same building, but people pulling together so that the organization operates efficiently and can continue running the business. But sometimes, people are being funny or uncooperative. They do not pull or group together, and sometimes fail to manage their full share of load. Thus, the question now is, how will we know that our managers possessed the ability of being a leader? Does he know how to properly handle people? Does he know how to develop new ideas and implement it effectively? How will we know in the first place that we have the manager we are looking for, or how can we develop such? Literature Review Globalization had brought out a steep competition for the market of goods and services everyday and it is management innovation that brings forth key factors for company’s future survival. (Cooke. P, 2006) According to Kira Fabrizio (2006), the world is currently entirely driven by technology. Additionally business existence routines are transforming rapidly. All the same, proper innovation management skills will always guarantee future survival of any given organization for a company or a firm cannot operate smoothly if not managed properly. Due to tough competition, companies always aim to satisfy customers by producing quality products and services. Chesbrough (2006), Simcoe. T, (2006) and Allen, & L. D. Evans. (1997) argued that for an innovation to be a success, correct discharge of the creative ideas already born is critical in any organization. As a matter of fact the creativity emanating from an employee and/or from a team of employees forms the basis for innovation. A successful innovation can not be attained by the Production of creative ideas alone but by correct implementation of those creative ideas to bring about new or improved product and/or service within the organization. For creative ideas to be generated there must be a room to try out the ideas emanating from the creative employees. This is usually achieved in a loose and flexible environment. Innovative work does not well with rules used for routine handling of an organization however these rules are supported by theory and practice. The efficiency of day to day within an organization requires stable routine (Sunbo & F. Gallouj, 2000). This is usually achieved in a stable controlled environment. The trick is to have a management that balances the factors that allow creativity while at the same time promoting effective operations of the organization (Utterback, M. 1994). Innovation normally occurs through a management system that allows for combination of many diverse players within any particular organization. (West, J, 2006). The player may include among others managers, supervisors, technicians, employees, and consultants. Research on social networks involved in the development of innovation process points out that successful innovation normally occurs near or at the primary interface of an organization and manufacturer. With these, O’Connor (2006) said that innovation process requires the inputs of all personnel of a particular company that is from the top executives to subordinate staffs. It may also require the expertise of a consultant who is normally outsourced. Existing Management Innovations Innovative approaches are assessed based on its impact upon its profitability. Through implementing strategic management approaches in ones company, the need for customer satisfaction will be met, not only locally but world wide. Currently, there are many innovative approaches to management, which needs top management support to be implemented properly. The new ISO 9000:2000 standards promote the adoption of a process approach when devising, implementing and improving a quality management system (QMS). PCL – Petts Consulting Ltd) This model of a quality management system approach acknowledge the facts that quality results are achieved by producing a company manual, complete with work procedures and work instructions, proper recording and keeping of quality records and tracking of inputs and outputs. The HACCP (Hazard Analysis of Critical Control Points) System is a systematic approach to the identification, assessment of risk and severity, and control of biological, chemical and physical hazards associated with a particular food production process or practice. When speaking of HACCP, it is always associated with food safety. By using and by being certified with this system, the customers of the company are always assured of the safe processing of food. CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) is about how companies manage the business processes to produce an overall positive impact on society. (Baker, 2006) It is the balance between the companies performance in terms of products and services to satisfy its market, on how the company manage ,treats and train its workers, on how the company shows its concern to its environment and on how it shows concern to the surrounding community. Low Morale due to Ineffective Management These are few of management innovations that are putting a company ahead of others. Today, companies encountered dilemmas such that too much management which ceased to innovate, thus, bringing out to little or no impact or improvements to a company at all. The problem here is that, businesses need more efficient people, have an environment to let innovative people flourish, however, it wont be effective if management does not have the skills and abilities to develop new ideas effectively. Thus, the question now is, how will we know that our managers possessed the ability of being a leader? Does he know how to properly handle people? Does he know how to develop new ideas and implement it effectively? How will we know in the first place that we have the manager we are looking for, or how can we develop such? The management should be flexible enough to absorb the views of all stakeholders. Management is not always willing to accept new ideas. Most managers always want to remain in a comfortable zone. Too much management, which is commonly found in large organization, should understand innovative people. Modern executives’ definition of efficiency is operating business which can supply their customers with better products or services at lowered cost. Modern executives are forever asking questions which is more concerned in productivity and efficiency rather than employees self regard and self esteem. â€Å"How are we doing? †, â€Å"Is production going up? †, â€Å"Sales up? †, â€Å"Costs going down? † are just few of executives questions about efficiency clearly showing the classic ways of hierarchal management systems. This results to low self-esteem which has a very strong relationship with morale. The loss of self-confidence or a feeling of discouragement may also be caused by frustration, which in turn causes mental efficiency and creativity to be lowered. This situation was experienced by Oracle. Ashby and Miles (2002) cited Oracle who was facing crisis in June 1992. Its culture â€Å"win at any cost, the end always justify the means† caused low morale and its effects on day-to-day operations was out of control since employees no longer pay attention to rules either internally or with customers. Applying EQ for Effective Management Innovations Change of management structure especially for large businesses to accommodate innovation is very critical for an organization to remain competitive (Tidd, J et al 1997). The management system in place should be flexible enough to create room for creative ideas. The management should easily adapt to changes brought about by trends in technologies and human issues. The organization needs to be loose and flexible enough to allow room for creative new ideas. A tight management system hinders creativity. Management should also motivate employees by rewarding not only success but also failure. This is because you cannot produce good ideas without bad ones (Maguire, 1994). Further for innovation to be successful there is a need for key personnel who are primarily concerned with the development of new product or services. The complexity of the procedures and levels involved in the production of a new product can impact negatively on the success of an innovation. (Fabrizio. K, 2006) For the success of an innovation the key is to delegate a few personnel on that activity, as too many people are less innovative compared to a few people. The virtuous circle can also impact negatively on the development of an innovation. It follows the following steps such as organization reputation for innovation, attraction of creative people, organizational need for creativity and innovation, development of innovation product, willingness within the organization to accept new ideas, motivation of people within organization to reduce frustration, high morale and protection of creative people (Henry et al: 1991). This means that if one the above listed steps is missed then innovation would not be established. So if we ask, why is there a need to apply Emotional Intelligence (EQ) in management innovations? This is because Emotional Intelligence (EQ) is now more important and useful especially in businesses. It tends to analyze and identify why people do what they do, think as they do and think as they do; with their abilities, motives, disappointments, ambitions, queer streaks. The successful business person is almost always efficiency minded through and through whether he is the boss or not. He keeps a close eye on the efficiency, and the personal efficiency of those working with him. According to Herrera (2006) IQ is quickly losing ground to EQ when it comes to predicting success. Moreover, supervisors and executives are generally rated on still more EQ qualities such as winning cooperation, handling people, suitable use of language and accepting suggestions and criticisms. This proves that the higher the position you can attain the higher EQ qualities, tests and evaluation that you have passed. An employee with more promotional possibilities shows high EQ for higher executives take on more social responsibilities at each step on the way up. According to Bradberry, T. & Greaves, J. (2005a), 16 hours of work can make a person feel 465 emotions in a day with (2005b) 90% top performers tested to have high EQ and only 20% high EQ individuals being rated as low performers. Rather than IQ, companies and corporations now opt for high EQ individuals to work for them. This is because, high EQ employees are more productive, and have great job performance and good leaders. High EQ employees and leaders are worker-centered which had higher producing work groups. And as we all know, companies aims for high productions at low cost and less turnovers. Conclusion Management systems have a significant effect on the innovation process. A tight management system normally hinders creativity because it does not allow employees to express and generate innovative ideas. All the same for small organizations suppressed management approaches can increase abilities to innovate through less formal management structures facilitating rapid decision-making, which is facilitated by having to communicate the changes to members of the organization. For innovation process to be a success there should be a â€Å"slack† element in the management Structure. To balance between effective running of an organization and creativity the management should know what is best for routine work and what is best for innovative work. And with this, management innovation and creativity is best improved by applying EQ tools. Today, EQ ratings are almost always taken with high importance in a company. During a company’s periodic reviews of individual efficiency, the boss, supervisor or head of the company watch work ways and attitudes of employees. According to Laird and Laird (1979) employees are rated according to desirable qualities or social characteristics such as cooperation, communication and appearance. This shows that individual efficiency is not based on high IQ but rather based on the qualities of high EQ. Production is also influenced by the friendly interaction of members of a work group. An employee’s level of EQ is tied in with friendliness because it shapes its interaction of people towards each other. High EQ of employees encourage warm and friendly atmosphere in the work place. On the other hand, employees with low EQ will be cold and aloof towards its co-workers. This will hinder the productivity of a worker with low EQ and increase the rate of absenteeism, thus, absenteeism is an outcome of an employee with low EQ. With this, managers will think that unnecessary absence from work shows irresponsibility. The human emotions shape the interactions of people to each other. With the types of people in one company, considering warm or friendly and cold or aloof, those employees with high EQ will stand out and be more productive than the others.